Person Vs Human: What Makes A Man?

Individual Vs Human: What Makes A Man? What makes up a man? This is the philosophical inquiry basically investigated in a scene of Star Trek: The Next Generation, entitled The Measure of a Man. In this scene, a conventional hearing is held to discuss whether Lieutenant Commander Data, an android who has been a long-lasting individual from the Star Fleet, has the option to reject experiencing an unsafe logical test. The researcher who wishes to play out the methodology, named Bruce Maddox, claims that Data isn't qualified for the option to deny in light of the fact that Data, basically, is a bit of innovation. Subsequently, he asserts that it is ridiculous to qualifies a thing for similar rights that an individual has. Then again, Captain Picard, an individual team part who considers Data to be an equivalent, contends something else. He expresses that notwithstanding how Data actually isnt human, he is qualified for similar rights since he shows the center characteristics of person, for example, knowledge and mindfulness. A troublesome choice should now be made: to permit Data to reject the technique by recognizing that he has the privilege to be viewed as a conscious resembling a kindred individual, or to just consider Data to be a bit of property with no rights and the entirety of his human-like goes about as being negligible impersonations and an intricate arrangement of in the event that statements. Despite the fact that Data, being an android, is clearly not a person, the scene at last brings up the issue of how much should an individual, or even a bit of innovation, show to be viewed as an equivalent a level that we, as people, perceive in one another? Skipper Picards contentions center more around how Data is an individual as opposed to how he is certifiably not a natural individual, and that people keep up specific rights. Regularly, a great many people today utilize the terms human and individual reciprocally. Anyway with more profound assessment, it can been recognized that an individual and a person are not so much same. A person alludes to individuals in an increasingly a natural sense; being an individual only suggests that you are of the species homo sapiens. Then again, being an individual means that you are a conscious being with a degree of soul. Because of exhibiting these characteristics, an individual is to be viewed as one who is qualified for specific rights, a degree of good regard, and, eventually, a privilege to life. Furthermore, since being an individual is unique in relation to being an organic human, it tends to be accepted that anybody, even an android, for example, Data, might be qualified for the rights th at an individual has; on account of the way that one isn't a homo sapien doesn't mean he is precluded from the holding the ethical regard an individual merits. Besides, it ought to be noticed that not every person are people, for an individual must have a degree of reasonability or awareness to be viewed as an individual. Maddox calls attention to that a discussion would not be occurring on the off chance that it had been a PC or a toaster oven that had wouldn't experience the technique. Be that as it may, he neglected to consider the way that a toaster oven or a PC doesn't keep up a degree of soundness or cognizance, subsequently not qualifying it for the ethical rights that an individual is concurred with. Things that have neglected to show these characteristics, including certain people, are not seen as people, consequently not qualified for these rights. For example, a kid who is stuck in a forever vegetative state and doesn't exhibit any indications of mind action might be viewed as an individual, however not an individual. Accordingly, on the off chance that it were concluded that he would euthanized, there would be as much commotion as there would be on the off chance that it had been kid had been seriously harmed, yet at the same time cognizant, on the grounds that he would at present be viewed as an individual. Consequently, it becomes clear that being human isn't what decides if somebody like Data is an individual, however the degree of cognizance that one, regardless of whether he is a human or android or Klingon, shows. Commander Picard contends that it doesn't make a difference that Data is an android in light of the fact that the types of an individual doesn't decide his personhood. During his contention, Picard states three qualities that decide if an individual is to be viewed as an individual: knowledge, mindfulness, and cognizance. The preliminary finishes in Picards favor since Data shows to a degree these characteristics, and the way that Data is an android doesn't neutralize his kindness. It is decided that because of exhibiting these attributes, Data is at last merits the ethical regard that each individual does. Indisputably, it turns out to be evident that being human doesn't naturally entitle a person with the privileges of an individual, yet the degree of sanity or cognizance.

Genetic Engineering and Food

Hereditary Engineering and Food Free Online Research Papers The total populace has topped to 6 billion individuals and is anticipated to twofold in the following 50 years. Guaranteeing a sufficient food flexibly for this blasting populace is and will keep on being a significant test in the years to come. Hereditarily Engineered nourishments guarantee to meet the troublesome errand of giving a sufficient food gracefully and help in the counteraction of starvation. Biotech crops gangs the accompanying attributes that demonstrate them to be better than traditional yields; bother obstruction, herbicide resilience, sickness opposition, and dry season resistance. Hereditarily Engineered nourishments will deliver quicker, more beneficial, and financially proficient harvests. Hereditarily Engineered nourishments were first presented in the mid 1990’s. The first monetarily developed hereditarily changed food crop was a tomato made by California Company in the 1990’s. It was hereditarily adjusted with the goal that it took more time to break down after it was picked. Hereditarily Engineered Food or Genetically Modified Foods (GM) nourishments are made to upgrade wanted characteristics, for example, expanded protection from herbicides or improved dietary substance. Hereditary adjustment of nourishments is finished by utilizing a procedure of either Cisgenesis or Transgenesis. Cisgenesis is the procedure by which qualities can be misleadingly moved between creatures that could be ordinarily reproduced. The word reference meaning of Genetic Engineering is the turn of events and utilization of logical techniques, systems, and advances that grant direct control of hereditary material so as to change the inherited characteristics of a phone, living being, or populace. This hereditary alteration can be performed on creatures and people yet is constrained right now. Hereditary change takes into consideration the advancement of impeccably reared creatures that gangs the best qualities accessible. Albeit hereditarily altered nourishments succeed, there is still a lot of contention over it. The principle issues are natural perils, human wellbeing dangers, and monetary concerns. Natural associations against GM nourishments raise worries that pesticides in GM nourishments won't just murder the proposed creepy crawlies of yields yet just as different life forms that need the harvest to endure. It additionally presents dangers of the viability of pesticides. A few creepy crawlies, for example, mosquitoes will create protection from these pesticides making new issues. The natural gathering Greenpeace recognizes that â€Å"GM food yields ought to be pulled back after a taking care of preliminary for the Austrian government discovered GM corn harmed the ripeness of research center mice† (Cummings 11). The explanation behind all the discussion and objection to gm nourishments of the general population and wellbeing associations exist in the guidelines. Without basic exploration, GM nourishments can purposely be destructive to us, the earth and creatures, yet the administration won't recognize or address concerns. In 1992 RBGH was affirmed inside the US by the FDA. RBDH is a hormone in bovines that produces more milk in less time. This hereditarily designed hormone however, had incredible wellbeing dangers which incorporate, bosom, colon, lung and bone malignancy to the purchasers. The inquiry is the manner by which did the FDA and other government organizations affirm such perils. Enormous corporate mammoths, for example, Mansanto Company, the undisputed plant biotechnology pioneer on the planet are liable for 90 percent of the globes hereditarily built harvests (Kimbrell 54). They have had their own kin working for the FDA. In 1992, Michael Taylor, a lawyer for Mansanto, was alloc ated to the delegate chief of the FDA. Under Deputy Commissioner Tailors impact, the FDA chose to absolve government guidelines on GE nourishments that entered the US showcase. With the enormous corporate impacts in the FDA, Genetically Engineered nourishments arrive at the US stores effortlessly. These new hereditarily altered nourishments didn't require any guideline or marking, which indeed kept people in general in obscurity. When corporate individuals from GE nourishments had left the FDA, and lost their persuasions in other government offices, the general population and other wellbeing organizations raised concerns. RBGH was prohibited in the United States. From that point on all hereditarily built nourishments were intensely controlled, required marking, and required logical exploration to guarantee that it didn't cause any wellbeing dangers. With regards to hereditarily designed nourishments, the remainder of the world has been well in front of the US. After news spread about the RBGH episode, the European Union proclaimed a ban on the further advancement of GE items. Additionally affecting the European Union choice to stop GE nourishments was the past event of Kraft nourishments reviewing a huge number of dollars worth of taco shells after researcher found wellbeing dangers that neglected to fulfill the EPA guidelines for human utilizations (Kimbrell 28). It wasn’t until 2004 that the European Union lifted their restriction on hereditarily designed items and foundations severe marking and discernibility prerequisites. The European Union likewise settled a thorough endorsement process for future Genetically Engineered yields and nourishments. Hereditary Engineering can assist famers with creating heartier and more delectable foods grown from the ground. (Wekesser 65) By changing plant qualities, researcher can likewise make bug and herbicide safe cotton and plants that produce biodegradable plastics and human proteins for clinical medicines. John Dyson an essayist and supporter of Reade’s Digest can't help contradicting the individuals who dread the outcomes of biotechnology, he contends that guidelines are set up to forestall the maltreatment of this new innovation as before there was next to no to no guidelines. Today Genetic building of nourishments intensely thrives. It has been recorded that an expected 87% of U.S. soy, 52% of U.S. corn, 55% of U.S. canola and 79%of U.S. cotton has and keeps on being hereditarily developed in the U.S. After Scientist, and government offices have built up right guidelines and inside and out exploration about Genetically Engineered items they have reasoned that they don't contribute any damage to any person or thing. There is more land cleared each year for hereditarily designed harvests then for regular yields. (Wekesser 23) Hereditary Engineering has delivered a transformation in biotechnology by making top notch plants and creatures that are more ailment safe and increasingly nutritious. Richard J. Mahoney (29) stresses the accompanying â€Å"while the United States is the world’s pioneer in biotechnology, it is confronting solid rivalry from Japan and other nations.† The United States must keep putting resources into biotechnology if the country is to flourish. The Japanese have been so keen on biotechnology, that they have declared it a national need to put resources into biotechnologies. By remaining ahead in biotechnology America will have a preferred position in the worldwide economy. Albeit Genetic Engineering has been demonstrated protected and compelling there is as yet the individuals who don’t and won't bolster it for moral reasons and individual reasons. For those individuals there are still other options. We despite everything have an enormous assortment of items that are developed normally; these items can be found in practically any general store. The negative to this is ranchers need to raise the cost of their items since it cost more to develop food the traditional route instead of genetically.(Kimbrell 42) Although there will be no stresses over natural food, GE nourishments despite everything beat Conventional nourishments in the healthful classification. This is on the grounds that GE nourishments can be enhanced with more proteins and minerals. Hereditarily Engineered nourishments have been offered to nations, for example, Africa so as to assist with starvation. Rural biotechnology, whereby seeds are upgraded to ingrain herbicide resilience and give protection from creepy crawlies and malady, hold extraordinary guarantee for Africa and different territories of the existence where conditions, for example, neediness and poor developing conditions make cultivating troublesome. Such a large number of kids are experiencing lack of healthy sustenance and craving. Hereditarily Engineered crops are the key for Africa and poor countries to end starvation and spare numerous lives. I concur that hereditarily adjusted nourishments ought to be kept on being our fundamental wellspring of developing and delivering crops. The open needs to begin and keep supporting thusly of life. It is the snappiest, most secure, and ease successful method of delivering gatherings. GM nourishments permit us to created methods of developing harvests that utilization less water, pesticides less consideration. This permits us to make nourishment for the worldwide economy with the goal that we can address everyone’s issues and forestall starvation. Examination Papers on Genetic Engineering and FoodGenetic EngineeringPETSTEL investigation of IndiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andQuebec and CanadaThe Project Managment Office SystemMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesRiordan Manufacturing Production Plan

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology

Question: Portray about a Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology? Answer: Huge information have enchanted the entire world with the greatness of its ability and the capacity to deal with greater part of information. The ongoing interest have caused the discussions to develop with respect to moral and disciplinary settings in a portion of the specific areas of handy uses of large information. The need of great importance is to combine and assess some applied issues working around Big Data. There are a few traits of large information that require progressively basic understanding and consideration, for example, haziness, uniqueness, self-sufficiency, generativity and futurity (Ekbia, 2015). The entire idea of Big Data is unambiguous hence, there have been three elements of definitions proposed including an item situated methodology that incorporates the scale and size of information; process arranged methodology relating to the consideration of mechanical wilderness (Fiesler, 2015); and cognizance centered methodology arranged towards the connection with people. The present innovation is considered to be awkward and deficient to dissect the huge information on account of monetary concerns or confinements of apparatus and applications. Regarding moral shriveling of cerebrum, on one hand large information is an impetus to take care of the full scale issues of this present reality yet its multifaceted nature then again and the gigantic collaborations with genuine world isn't the capacity of human brain to appreciate. The moral difficulty of multifaceted nature have made the express need of factual examination, innovative foundations, tans disciplinary work and perception procedures to be implanted in the idea of large information to diminish its intricacy and let the human cerebrum understand it for compelling application. The researchers and backers of information driven serious study of large information have been caught under the discussion of qualification among connection and relationship a considerable lot of it resembling a discussion between hypothesis driven science and information driven science (Shin, 2015). The essence of large information and the sign of its information mining lies in expectation which may once in a while lead to radical moral difficulties which can additionally intensify the circumstance. Another up and coming moral discussion and a strike question is division among subjective and quantitative techniques. There have been minute differentiations prompting obscuring of contrast among understanding and investigation of Big Data. The information making is a procedure of various social operators having assortment of differing interests. Huge information experiences phases of assortment, the board, stockpiling and to bring it into usable structure for the investigators to abide further into its significance, it is basic that it is cleaned with scripting dialects like Python or Perl or with the assistance of mechanized devices like Beautiful Soap (Alagidede, 2015). This stage incorporates human mediation and his aptitudes of judgment and translation to call their abstract conclusions which may in some cases ruin or fall apart the information. Once in a while even information liquidity including individual information and de-recognizable proof of it further makes the circumstance basic. Assortment of territories utilizing large information like internet based life, area labeled installments, medication and geo finding gadgets face the moral problem between dangers to information protection and namelessness through re-recognizable proof and ethos of straightforwardness, liquidity and information sharing. With the discussion of what to tally and what not to consider on the information side of enormous information additionally stretches out to the yield side with the problem being what to choose and what to leave. In little examples of information, the issues of ordinariness, unpredictability and approval concerns the examiners of enormous information. Besides, a little change in even a solitary unit can absolutely switch the impact of results and hugeness of the yield. In spite of the fact that there have been medicinal activities proposed for improving the dependence on the measurable hugeness like utilization of Bayesian examination, amending of degrees of opportunity and determination of a littler p esteem yet they are insufficient to address the worry of testing and choice predisposition in the investigation of large information (Watson, 2015). Incorporation of huge information in the examination and research purposes have additionally disturbed and enhanced the seemingly perpetual moral situations in the science and humanities study. There are plenty of holes between the verbalized dreams and the truth in down to earth situation relating to huge information. It incorporates examination of an enormous measure of heterogeneous information without having the information on those influenced. They are produced quietly and are put to unexpected applications (Lake, 2015) as they are gathered by numerous individuals of the seen and unanticipated sources implicating the security and furthermore paving the way to optional impediments relating to following, profiling, rejection, separation and loss of absolute control. Huge information however have caught huge information under its domain yet have additionally purchased greater moral pressures for the organization utilizing this innovation to break down into the social world having unmeasurable information kept to be examined. References Ekbia, H., Mattioli, M., Kouper, I., Arave, G., Ghazinejad, A., Bowman, T., ... Sugimoto, C. R. (2015). Large information, greater difficulties: A basic review.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. Fiesler, C., Young, A., Peyton, T., Bruckman, A. S., Gray, M., Hancock, J., Lutters, W. (2015, February). Morals for Studying Online Sociotechnical Systems in a Big Data World. InProceedings of the eighteenth ACM Conference Companion on Computer Supported Cooperative Work Social Computing(pp. 289-292). ACM. Shin, D. H., Choi, M. J. (2015). Environmental perspectives on large information: Perspectives and issues.Telematics and Informatics,32(2), 311-320. Alagidede, P. (2015). Book Review: Development situations: The techniques and political morals of development policy.African Review of Economics and Finance,6(2), 144-149. Watson, D. (2015). Research morals and respectability for social scientists.International Journal of Research Method in Education, (in front of print), 1-2. Lake, P., Drake, R. (2015). Data Systems Management in the Big Data Era.

Bach essays

Bach papers Bachs Concerto for Harpsichord displays numerous highlights that are regular in the main developments of Classical concerto structures. The development starts with an instrumental work, all in tonic, where a delicate opening subject prompts a transitional tutti in measure 12. A light cadential topic is then gotten notification from the symphony, trailed by an end tutti in measure 24-43. The soloist at that point repeats this in adorned structure, being joined once in a while by the ensemble in measures 44-58, weaving the transitional tutti with runs and turns as found in estimates 59-71, and afterward presenting an optional subject on the predominant in measure 71. The light cadential subject of the symphonic composition (measure 25) powers an innovatively expounded shutting segment, in measures 85-105, to which the prior shutting tutti includes a last characteristic of accentuation in measure 106-114. Here, rather than building up these thoughts as in a typical old style concerto, B ach plays on various tonal levels with another thought presented by the console. In measure 146, the summarization is ruled by the performance instrument, overlooking the consoles second subject, and going straightforwardly from the now recognizable transitional tutti to the smooth shutting topic in measure 171. This is done pleasantly to stretch out to arrive at the six-four harmony that declares the cadenza found in measure 191, after which the end tutti vigorously parts of the bargains. This was a mix of the ritornello-solo structure of the Baroque concerto and the conventional piece, elaboration or trip, and restatement of the musical allegro. The tutti now includes discrete capacities inside an intentional plan of topical and tonal complexity, and the performances, however still free and whimsical, are moored in the vital topical substance. (NAWM pg. 92) ... <! Bach expositions Since the commencement of music, numerous incredible authors, scholars, and instrumentalists have left permanent checks and impacts that individuals today think back on to appreciate and strive for. No special case to this colloquialism is Johann Sebastian Bach, whose sway on music was remarkable without a doubt. Individuals today think back to his compositions and attempts to both learn and appreciate. Bach, who originated from a group of more than 53 performers, was absolutely a virtuoso instrumentalist just as a wonderful author. Conceived in Eisenach, Germany, on March 21, 1685, he was the child of an awesome musician, Johann Ambrosius Bach, who showed his child the essential aptitudes for string playing. Alongside this string playing, Bach started to play the organ, which is the instrument he would later on be noted for ever. His guidance on the organ originated from the player at Eisenach's most significant church. He educated the little youngster thoroughly until his aptitudes outperformed anyones desires for somebody of such a youthful age. Bach endured early injury when his folks kicked the bucket in 1695. He went to go live with his more established sibling, Johann Christoph, who likewise was an expert organist at Ohrdruf. He proceeded with his more youthful sibling's training on the organ, just as acquainting him with the harpsichord. The thorough preparing on these instr uments joined with Bachs astonishing expertise dad! id off for him at an early age (Geiringer). Following quite a while of concentrating with his more seasoned sibling, he got a grant to concentrate in Lunenburg, Germany, which is situated on the northern tip of the nation. Thus, he left his siblings tutelage and went to proceed to concentrate there. The high school years carried Bach to a few pieces of Germany where he basically filled in as an organist in holy places, since that was the ability he had culminated the best from his young preparing. In any case, an ace of a few instruments while still in his youngsters, Bach previously discovered work at 1 years old... <! Bach articles Johann Sebastian Bach A Great Contributor Of Music Throughout the historical backdrop of music, numerous incredible authors, scholars, and instrumentalists have left permanent stamps and impacts that individuals today think back on to appreciate and yearn for. No exemption to this figure of speech is Johann Sebastian Bach, whose sway on music was life-changing without a doubt. Individuals today think back to his compositions and attempts to both learn and respect. He genuinely can be viewed as a music history incredible. Bach, who originated from a group of more than 53 performers, was out and out a virtuosic instrumentalist just as a breathtaking arranger. Conceived in Eisenach, Germany, on March 21, 1685, he was the child of a wonderful musician, Johann Ambrosius Bach, who showed his child the fundamental abilities for string playing. Alongside this string playing, Bach started to play the organ which is the instrument he would later on be noted for ever. His guidance on the organ originated from the player at Eisenach's most significant church. He educated the little fellow rather thoroughly until his abilities outperformed anyones desires for somebody of such a youthful age. Bach endured early injury when his folks kicked the bucket in 1695. He went to go live with his more seasoned sibling, Johann Christoph, who likewise was an expert organist at Ohrdruf. He proceeded with his more youthful sibling's training on that instrument, just as acquainting him with the harpsichord. The thorough preparin g on these instruments joined with Bachs awesome expertise paid off for him at an early age. Following quite a while of concentrating with his more established sibling, he got a grant to concentrate in Luneberg, Germany, which is situated on the northern tip of the nation. Therefore, he left his siblings tutelage and went to proceed to concentrate there. The high school years carried Bach to a few pieces of Germany where he basically functioned as an organist in houses of worship, since that was the ability he had consummated the best from his young trai... <! Bach papers Bach was the ace of Baroque music, in any event, that is the thing that we believe him to be presently. Back then, out of the 1000 or so works he made, just twelve or so were distributed. Obviously now, a great deal of his different pieces/works have been found and distributed. Indeed, even to the individuals who dont know his name, can in any event murmur (if not the entire), of one of his Brandenburg Concertos, a renowned assortment of concertos set up for a symphony. Bach was conceived March 21, 1685 in Eisenach (Germany). He was the child of Johann Ambrosius Bach, a German organist and arranger. He was shown music by his dad, afterwards his sibling Johann Christoph. In 1703 he became musician for the court ensemble of Duke of Weimar, yet left very quickly to turn into an organist in Arnstadt. In 1707 Bach moved to Mhlhausen, coming back to Weimar the following year to become court organist. Also, he, in 1717, became Kapellmeister in the court of Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Cthen and in 1723 Bach became Cantor of St. Thomas' in Leipzig, staying there until his demise in July 28, 1750 in Leipzig (Germany). He likewise wedded Maria Barbara Bach and they had seven kids, including Wilhelm Friedemann Bach and Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, yet after Maria passed on in 1720, he wedded Anna Magdalena Wilcke, and they had 13 kids. During his lifetime, Bach expounded on 1000 pieces (not every one of them found or noted for their brightness). His works The Brandenburg Concertos or Mass in B Minor, are perceived around the world. A large number of Bachs pieces were extremely strict, or roused by religion. Mass in B Minor was composed as an oratorio. The piece has 33 areas, which is naturally why it took Bach 15 years to finish it. The whole mass was worked out around 1748, when Bach included a Sanctus development, which he had created before as a different work in 1724. Bach likewise included the end developments containing the ... <!

Life After Death - Robert Frost And Emily Dickinson Essays

Eternal life - Robert Frost And Emily Dickinson Eternal life Robert Frost and Emily Dickinson are two Modern American Poets who reliably expounded on the topic of death. While there are a few examinations between the two artists, with regards to death as a subject, their composing styles were very extraordinary. Robert Frost's sonnet, ?Home Burial,? furthermore, Emily Dickinson's sonnets, ?I felt a Funeral in my Brain,? what's more, ?I passed on for Beauty,? are three sonnets concerning passing. While the topic is consistent there are contrasts just as similitudes between the artists and their sonnets. The undeniable correlation between the three sonnets is the topic of death. The two writers, in these works and numerous others, show an interest with the passing of themselves just as the demise of friends, and friends and family. Both Frost and Dickinson encountered a lot of death all through every one of their lives. Ice's most noteworthy misfortune was the demise of his child, which is incredibly portrayed in his sonnet ?Home Burial.? Dickinson endured the loss of numerous loved ones. She invested a ton of her energy in her room watching out upon the gravestones of these individuals. The main solid examination between the writers, regarding structure and method, is that the significance of their sonnets run a lot further then the particular words on a page. Indeed, even this can come as a differentiation when taking a gander at these three sonnets. ?Home Burial,? by Frost is a genuinely clear sonnet, written in discourse, with the author filling in as the storyteller. The sonnet is about a hitched couple managing the ongoing demise of their child, who the spouse needed to cover in their own lawn. It is a significantly long sonnet, which doesn't expect one to figure out the real story. Where as ?I felt a Funeral in my Brain,? also, ?I kicked the bucket for Beauty,? by Dickinson are impressively short sonnets, in which she seals as much as she uncovers. Emily Dickinson's verse was not that of any conventional style. She was scrutinized for promoting words in sentences, utilizing vague rhymes and just giving a fractional comprehension. She wanted to utilize ovals, so as to let the peruser finish an idea. Huge numbers of these were really wiped out in a large number of her first distributions, which were never distributed until after her demise. In the two sonnets, ?I felt a Funeral in my Brain,? furthermore, ?I passed on for Beauty? these qualities are available, remembering her typical four line refrains for the meter of customary psalms. Written in first individual, ?I felt a Funeral in my Brain? is about the idea of her own burial service. Envisioning what is would resemble in the final resting place, where just the feeling of sound is available. The final expression of the sonnet is then-?, an exemplary case of an oval, where the peruser is left to complete the sonnet all alone. ?I kicked the bucket for Beauty additionally finish es with an oval. The sonnet is around two dead individuals, herself and another man, resting next to each other, covered underground. Like ?Home Burial,? by Frost, this was written in discourse with the author as the storyteller. One kicked the bucket for Beauty and one for truth. In spite of the fact that it appeared as if they kicked the bucket for a significant reason, with time their names will be overlooked. In contrast to Dickinson, Robert Frost wrote in a conventional style. ?Home Burial,? in the same way as other of his sonnets, was written in predictable rhyming, giving five beats for every line. Utilizing measured rhyming gives the sonnet a monotone, musical feel. Since the sonnet peruses musically, the reality of the sonnet is overstated. This significantly varies from the two sonnets by Dickinson. Emily Dickinson's sonnets, however similarly as genuine, run over significantly lighter at that point ?Home Burial.? The structure of her sonnets gives an enigma like impact. The distinction long between the sonnets changes the state of mind too. In Frost's sonnet the idea of death is drawn out essentially by the length of the sonnet, where as the suddenness of Dickinson's sonnets give an a lot lighter feel. Another contrast between Robert Frost and Emily Dickinson's sonnets is the point of view taken by the writer. In ?Home Burial? there is grieving over the passing of a child.

Creative Stress Relief Activities

Creative Stress Relief Activities Stress Management Management Techniques Print Creative Stress Relief Activities By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on January 09, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living A good dog can be a great stress reliever. Here are some more that you may not have considered. Anthony Murphy/Moment/Getty Images Much has been written about the many effective ways to manage stress, such as meditation, breathing exercises, journaling, and other well-known strategies. Their benefits are proven, and theyre popular strategies for a reason. New Years resolutions often involve them, and adopting them as part of your daily life can add years to it. However, theyre not the only ways to relieve stress, and they may not even be the most effective ways for you to relieve stress. This is because the best stress management strategies are the ones that you enjoy enough to practice regularly.  If you dont actually have motivation for meditation, for example, or if journaling feels like work, you may not get any of the benefits of these strategies because you just wont do these things on a regular basis. Stress relievers that are truly enjoyable or that have built-in motivation features may be the best ones for you because theyre perhaps easier to incorporate into your life. Here are some that work well for many people: Playing With Pets For those who love animals, theres a special peaceful energy that comes from taking five or ten minutes to caress a cat or love up a dog. Other types of pets can be great stress-management tools as well: Fish, rabbits, and even rats can provide their own soothing benefits.  The best pets provide unconditional love and entertainment  and stay in our hearts as they help us remember to stay in the moment. How Having a Pet Affects Your Stress Levels Exercise Classes You probably already know that exercise is a great stress reliever, but creative exercise classes can provide you with extra help. The fun of learning something new can take your mind off your stressors, and the class atmosphere can foster a positive type of peer pressure to keep you wanting to show up - even when you really dont feel like working out.  Zumba, cardio kickboxing, and other classes can take the mind off of stress while helping promote health. Why You Should Exercise to Relieve Symptoms of Mental Illness Baking Many people really enjoy baking with their kids â€" its a fun tradition that helps parents and kids bond and stays in the present moment, and almost always ends in something warm and delicious. This can apply to many forms of baking, including classes or cooking with a spouse. Baking provides comforting aromas and soothing, repetitive motions to keep you in the now as youre baking and a delicious reward when youre done.  Put on an audiobook or some music if you dont have any helpers with you, and youll enjoy it even more! Laughter Seeking out situations that will bring out the laughter in you can help you relieve stress in a really fun way. Go ahead â€" be goofy! Consider the benefits to your health and well-being. Maintain a sense of humor about what stresses you, and youll be much less stressed by everything that life has to throw at you. How Laughter Can Relieve Stress Daydreaming Many people find themselves involuntarily daydreaming when bored at work. But visualizations are actually great for stress management as well, so daydream with pride! Vividly imagine your best memories, visualize your success or walk yourself through a peaceful walk on a secluded beach. Giving yourself a mental break in this way is a quick and fun way to step back from your stressors and start fresh. Visualization Techniques Can Help Manage Your Symptoms Sex! Now that youre paying attention, it should be mentioned that sex (with a worthy partner) can be a great stress reliever for several reasons, including lowered blood pressure, increased intimacy, and stress-relieving hormones. You may have an issue though if you find yourself too stressed for sex. How Sex Can Be Used as a Stress Management Technique

The Viennese School Essay - 824 Words

The Viennese School The Viennese School is the reason for some of todays most popular classical music. This school of composers started during the Classical Period, 1740-1825. At the time the Austrian capital of Vienna was the musical center for composers, which soon became reason for many of the changes that were made to musical style. Composers came from all over Europe to train in Vienna in the classical time period. One of the great composer that came to Vienna is Franz Schubert he soon started a style of music called Viennese School that made many changes to the style of music as well as changes to instrumentation. The arrangements became one form to another while keeping certain similar characteristics, music became†¦show more content†¦Orchestra music and other music groups often had complex melodies and harmonies with the melody sometimes traveling back and forth between different groups of instruments. The composers in the Viennese School did not write only orchestra music they also composed solo concertos and music for smaller groups of instruments. The string trio and quartet became quite popular, and the quintet was also used. The musi c of the composers often used joyousness, which was easy for listeners and became very popular. The same qualities that made the music popular has also been very popular with most of the listeners of modern times. Music of the Classical period emphasized a homophonic texture. Texture is the way the melody and harmony go together. Homophonic texture-music in which the melody and accompaniment are very different- is a texture that dominated the Classical style. This means that one voice usually the high voice is the most important voice. Music of the Classical period was very structured controlled. It was tuneful and simple even the size of the orchestra was simple, usually with no more than 40 musicians. The Classical period has been called the Golden Age of Music because at the time the major forms of Classical music-the symphony, concerto, sonata, and string quartet-were fully developed. The Classical period also used balance and contrast. Sonata form also called ABA form wasShow MoreRelatedModernist Architecture During The 19th Century1459 Words   |  6 Pagesstyle deferred from most of his contemporaries, particularly those of the Viennese Succession, he shared similar ideas with Charles Rene Mackintosh regarding ornament. Subsequently Loos went on to influence numerous architects, one of them being Le Corbusier. Loos being the common thread, I will examine his Goldman Salatsch Building (1909) comparing it to Sullivan’s Wainwright Building (1890), Mackintosh’s Glasgow School of Art (1897–1909) and Le Corbusier’s Villa Jeanneret and Villa La Roche (1923)Read MoreMusic That Subverts The Standard Form Of Arranging Sounds Produced By Musical Instru ments And Approaches1457 Words   |  6 Pagesfor new forms of expression and underlying structural organizing principles’. At the start of the 20th century in Vienna, Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils Alban Berg and Anton Werbern, known as the Second Viennese School (following on from the First Viennese School comprised of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven), were the first, among others, to develop serialism as a compositional style. By 1921 Arnold Schoenberg had developed what is seen as the origins of Serialism, the twelve-toneRead MoreModern vs. Classical Music955 Words   |  4 Pagesbased Franz Schubert s work is often described as being the last great representation of Classical era music, as well as being a transitional composer between classical and romantic era. Throughout his life while he composed, he worked mostly in schools after his own schooling, applying for various positions but seeming to end up falling short of his goal. In 1818 he was even jobless and considered himself a failure, especially during the spring, when he produced only one work considered noteworthyRead MoreFranz Joseph Haydn : The Founder And Developer Of The Formal And Structural Principles Of Classical Style1268 Words   |  6 PagesStephen s in Vienna as a choirboy. By 1749 his voice had changed and he was no longer able to sing high choral parts. When Haydn played a joke on a fellow classmate by cutting off her ponytail, he was met with a severe lashing and dismissal from school. After being dismissed, Haydn had no place to stay, and his family could not help him financially. Johann Michael Spangler, an old acquaintance, allowed Haydn to stay with his family. Johann was also poor so earning a living was Haydn’s first priorityRead MoreThe Austrian Composer : Franz Of The Formal And Structural Principles Of Classical Style1259 Words   |  6 PagesSt. Stephen s in Vienna as a choirboy. By 1749 his voice had changed and he was no longer able to sing high choral parts. He played a joke on a fellow classmate by cutting off her ponytail. This resulted in a severe lashing and his dismissal from school. After being dismissed, Haydn had no place to stay, and his family could not help him financially. Johann Michael Spangler, an old acquaintance, allowed Haydn to stay with him, his wife and baby. Johann was also poor so earning a living was Haydn’sRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven ( 1770-1827 )14 28 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) was a German composer, a representative of the Viennese classical musical school; was born in Bonn, but spent most of his life in Vienna. Notably, Beethoven s music is a complex synthesis of creative achievements of the Viennese classics (Gluck, Haydn, Mozart); art of the French Revolution; and the new emerging artistic direction, Romanticism. The works of Beethoven bear the imprint of ideology, aesthetics, and art of the Enlightenment. This explains the logic,Read MoreTake the Lead1333 Words   |  6 Pagesabout modern dancing and model dancing. Not only that, the film gives us the morality as teacher. How relationship between teacher and student should be in school as well as in their personal encounter. One day In New York, the polite dance instructor Pierre Dulaine sees a black teenager vandalizing the car of the director of a public school and on the next day he volunteers to teach dance to students to give respect, dignity, self-confidence, trust and teamwork. The reluctant director AugustineRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven945 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasingly serious alcohol problem and the earlier death of his grandfather in 1773 sent his family into deepening poverty. At first, Beethoven made little impact on the musical society, despite his father s hopes. When he turned 11, he left school and became an assistant organist to Christian Gottlob Neefe at the court of Bonn, learning from him and other musicians. In 1783 he became the continuo player for the Bonn opera and accompanied their rehearsals on keyboard. In 1787, he was sent toRead MoreSigmund Freud Biography1317 Words   |  6 Pagesthe central nervous system in the physiological laboratory under the direction of the German physician Ernst Wilhelm von Brà ¼cke. Neurological research was so engrossing that Freud neglected the prescribed courses and as a result remained in medical school three years longer than was required normally to qualify as a physician. In 1881, after completing a year of compulsory military service, he received his medical degree. Unwilling to give up his experimental work, however, he remained at the universityRead MoreGustav Mahler was born in 1860 in the small town of Kalischt, Bohemia. He was a late romantic-era1300 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst public show, but Gustav’s school performance was doing as well so his father sent him to another one but Gustav was very unhappy and soon returned home. Later that year he suffered the horrible loss of his brother to a long illness. After Gustav tried to express his feelings in music he began to work on an opera of his lost brother. Neither the music nor play ever got recognized much. Gustav’s father was very supportive of him and told him to try for a school in Vienna. Gustav auditioned and

Alexander Hamilton And Thomas Jefferson - 819 Words

Alexander Hamilton was born on January 11, 1755 in Nevis, British West Indies and Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, Shadwell, VA. They both grew up on plantations and had families and siblings. However, Jefferson had nine siblings while Hamilton only had his younger brother James A. Hamilton. The two men had a great adoration for reading and were brilliant. They were phenomenal writers and had many famous works. They were both founding fathers and were part of Washington’s first cabinet. Even though the two had quite a few similarities, the two could not be more contrasting. Once in Washington’s cabinet, the tension began and only escalated as time went on. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were destined enemies because they originated from differing backgrounds, economic ideals, and politics, which played a large role in them not being able to get along. Alexander Hamilton’s background helped shape his thoughts and ideals that would later be a c ontributing factor of their rivalry. Hamilton’s father was a French nobleman who had left to tend to a sugar plantation in an attempt to attain wealth but prosperity never came. Hamilton grew up with hardships, his father abandoned him and his mother died when he was very young. Life for young Hamilton was difficult and impoverished. From this, his independence grew and he found work. He was so astute he could even run the business, â€Å"He was, it is true, remarkably self-reliant †¦ and was increasingly trusted withShow MoreRelatedThomas Jefferson And Alexander Hamilton848 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton set the path for the two-party system of government we have today in the United States. In the 1790s, the Federalists were led by Hamilton and leading the Republicans was Thomas Jefferson (Bethel University, 2004). Many differences distinguished the two parties. The visions each person had for governing the states was compromised by t he events leading up to the systems establishments and the later roles of wars, like the War of 1812, and national organizationRead MoreThomas Jefferson And Alexander Hamilton1567 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were two Founding Fathers with contrasting backgrounds that shaped their views and desires for the new nation. Jefferson, an anti-federalist from a wealthy, agricultural background advocated for the protection of states’ rights and the limitation of federal power. Hamilton, a federalist born from a poor family and who established himself through the military, advocated for a strong, central government. Both Jefferson and Hamilton would find themselves at endsRead MoreEssay on Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton655 Words   |  3 Pagesinvolved in the establishment of the government, the laws regulating states and people, and individual rights in the construction of the United States of America. Two men stand out as instrumental to o ur founding principles: Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Thomas Jefferson was an educated, articulate and accomplished man from a well-respected family. He had a great understanding of farming and of the relationship between man and his environment, working diligently to balance the two for theRead MoreComparison Of Alexander Hamilton And Thomas Jefferson1213 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were key Founding Fathers of America who contributed to its freedom and independence. Both men were influential leaders of their time whose visions for the future of the country were clearly contrasting. Hamilton believed for a strong federal government and an economy based on banking. While Jefferson desired for a nation to be controlled by the states and its people. Their competing visions for the United States are still in debate until this day. AlthoughRead MoreAlexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson871 Words   |  4 PagesConflicting views and contrasting ideologies have always existed throughout the history of Unit ed States politics. Alexander Hamilton, who led Federalist Party, believed that a powerful central government was necessary while Thomas Jefferson, who led the Jeffersonian Republican Party, favored an agrarian nation with most of the power left to the states. Although Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were similar in that they both harbored good intentions and tried to keep the best interests in mind forRead MoreThe Differences Of Thomas Jefferson And Alexander Hamilton903 Words   |  4 Pagesrise of the political party system. During the 1790s, rising tensions among members of George Washington’s cabinet fueled the development of two political parties, the Democratic Republicans and Republicans. At the forefront were Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton, respectively. Their divergent temperaments, views on government, and perception of each other in their individual letters to George Washington on â€Å"9 September 1792† reveal the early roots of the part y system, and to an extent, politicalRead MoreAlexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson1289 Words   |  6 Pages Selina Lewis October 17, 2014 Government Ms. Bishop Alexander Hamilton vs. Thomas Jefferson During the ratification of the Constitution of 1787, the Federalist and Anti-federalist views created tensions and barriers between the two. Federalists, who supported the making of a new document, the Constitution, differed from Anti-federalists who believed that â€Å"the new system threatened liberties and failed to protect individual rights.† Anti-federalist, such as Patrick Henry, James WinthropRead MoreAlexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson887 Words   |  4 PagesHamilton vs. Jefferson During the Revolutionary- Federalist Era, politics, parties, programs, policies, and people made an enormous difference in how the new nation should be structured and run. During this era, two men in particular championed politics and their respective parties. These two men were Alexander Hamilton, a Federalist, and Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican. Both Hamilton and Jefferson were successful college educated intellectuals and politicians who made significant contributionsRead MoreEssay on Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson1029 Words   |  5 PagesFederalist supporters, also known as Hamiltonian Federalist, were lead by Alexander Hamilton who was the Secretary of Treasury under President Washington and a well off banker in the early Republic. With allies like President Washington and John Adams, he appealed to urban elite and business merchants who agreed with Hamilton’s ideas for commercial and financial strength. Using his strong connections with his wealthy supporters, Hamilton established networks in each state’s government, mainly with New EnglandRead More The Impact on America of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson615 Words   |  3 PagesAmerica of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were completely at odds in their vision on how America was to develop. Hamilton wanted to concentrate power in a centralized federal government with limited access and Jefferson wished to diffuse it among all the eligible freemen of the time. Alexander Hamilton feared anarchy and distrusted popular rule while Jefferson feared tyranny and thought in terms of liberty and freedom. Thomas Jefferson was an

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Effectiveness Of The Reduction Recidivism Rates - 1151 Words

Effectiveness Effectiveness is the reduction in recidivism rates; more specifically, the reduction in the likelihood to be arrested for a new crime, or for committing a parole violation. Unlike research on the implementation of DRC’s, there is not a need for a more in depth look at the benefits of overcorwding jails and increasing incarceration costs. Costs, as mentioned earlier, are significantly more than the costs associated with the implementation of a DRC. In addition, the steady increase in occupants of the RHRJ has lead to contracting out of beds at other jail facilities due to the lack of space and reduction in offenders. A continuation of the status quo, housing offenders in the RHRJ until an additional facility with the†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, in addition to the trained personnel, the building infrastructure must also be included in the feasibility of administrative capcity. Unlike the staffing for the DRC, the staffing required for the continuation of housing offenders in the RHRJ until an additional facility is built, is heavily reliant on the number of offenders in jail at a given time. As seen in figure 1 in the appendix, there are several staffing needs to be met. Given the projected growth in the jail population, the number of personnel required to provide services and programs is not adequate; it is especially not supportive of future expansion of programs and services for the community (Moseley Architects, 2014). Cost Several cost components factor into the traditional incarceration model. The figure that is commonly discussed within the correctional system is the per day incarceration cost. It represents the amount of funding necessary to house one inmate for one day at the RHRJ facility. According to Captain Shortell, the per day incarceration cost for 2013 was $73.35, and there was a slight reduction for 2014 down to $72.33. These figures will be used in subsequent calculations to compare costs of the Day Reporting Center to the traditional incarceration option. With an average per day incarceration occupancy of 350 beds, the yearly figure for housing the inmates equals a staggering $9.24-million. As the Mosely study identified, the RHRJ often was operating at well over 150%

Why are some countries in debt Free Essays

Why are some countries in debt? What impact does it have on development? What is debt? On an international scale, debt is the owing of money from one country to another or an international organisation as a result of previous borrowing because of need. Why are some countries in debt? Countries can be in debt for different reasons: 1) Trade deficit When a country’s imports are worth more than a country’s exports, the country loses money and therefore it is forced to borrow money from other countries or international organisations to try and cover the losses. 2) Natural disasters and tied aid After a natural disaster, a country may become dependent on the aid of another country for a short period of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Why are some countries in debt? or any similar topic only for you Order Now However sometimes the aid given is tied aid where the country receiving aid may have to pay back the money given (possibly with interest). They are therefore in debt to the donor country/organisation. 3) Money mismanagement If a country mismanages their use of money (most likely through the government) and spends money unnecessarily while taking out loans to cover the cost, the country can end up in debt. The effect of debt on development When a country is in debt, a majority of the money it generates is used to pay back money to the donor country. This means that there is little money being invested into the social infrastructure of the country, so healthcare and education levels remain the same or get worse overall slowing down or sometimes even reverse developing a country as literacy rates may fall and not enough money could be invested in improving healthcare. Ways of solving debt problems Cancelling debt – What are the advantages and disadvantages? Advantages – The advantages of cancelling debt are that it can allow a poor country to start investing the money it gains into its development/ social infrastructure rather than paying back debt to developed countries. This can overall help to fight poverty and reduce the development gap. In 2005, Zambia had $4 million of debt cancelled and in 2006 it had enough money to pay for free healthcare for millions of people living in rural areas, improving the quality of life. In Tanzania, money saved from debt cancellations allowed the government to abolish primary school fees in 2001. As a result, the number of students that go to primary school doubled. These examples show that by cancelling debt, it allows money to be invested in education which can lead to more people getting jobs, overall contributing to a country’s economy, improving the GDP and by investing in healthcare, the life expectancy and infant mortality rate can also decrease. Summary: -a country can invest in its development -It reduces poverty and can reduce the development gap -examples include Zambia and Tanzania Disadvantages – Although cancelling debt can help a country to develop, there are also some disadvantages. Firstly, the donor country loses a significant amount of money which can slightly damage its economy. Developing countries which have had their debt cancelled could start taking out more loans, in the hope of having debt gained from that cancelled as well (This however is unlikely as eventually developed countries will eventually see when a country is not worth giving money to and in a time of crisis, nothing will be given) When a loan is taken, the money should be returned and if it is not, it could give the country which did not pay back, a bad reputation. Summary: – The donor country loses money – Countries could take out more loans – A loan should be paid back if taken in the first place Debt for nature swaps Deforestation largely takes place for economical needs of a country to try and pay off debt. A debt for nature swap is an agreement between a developing nation in debt and one or more of its creditors. In a debt for nature swap, the country or organisation owed money, writes off an amount of debt in return for a certain amount of environmental protection. They were first established in the 1980s in the attempt of solving two problems with one agreement: 1) to minimize the debt of developing nations and 2) to minimize the environmental destruction that frequently takes place in developing countries. A company called WWF (world wide fund for nature) which cooperates with countries such as UK and USA has helped to structure and design many debt for nature swaps. In 2008 they helped to structure and facilitate one of the largest debt for nature swaps in Madagascar’s history in which 20 million dollars was committed to preserve the country’s rich biodiversity. Also in 2008, the USA reduced Peru’s debt by $25 million in exchange for conserving its rainforests. Debt for nature swaps are extremely beneficial because they not only cancel the debt of a country allowing them to invest in development, but it helps to protect the environment and conserve some of the world’s rainforests. This makes it better than just cancelling debt. How to cite Why are some countries in debt?, Papers

Alumni free essay sample

This project is aimed at developing a Repository and each Engine for alumni of the college, which is of importance to a college. The Alumni Information Database is a web based application that can be accessed throughout the World. Anyone can access the search Engine to know about any Alumni of that college but can’t able to add. This system can be used as an application for the Alumni Information Database to manage the college information and student’s information. Student logging should be able to upload the information of the employee. Introduction Purpose: This system can be used as an application for the Alumni Information Database to manage the college information and student’s information. The system is an online application that can be accessed throughout the organization and outside customers as well with proper login provided, which will give better service to the customers. Scope: This system can be used as the Office of Alumni and College Relations seeks to protect the privacy of its alumni and friends, and thus, endeavors to safeguard the use of information in its custody. To that end, the Office of Alumni and College Relations provides constituent information to requestors only under the conditions. Overview: Overall description consists of background of the entire specific requirement. It also gives explanation about actor and function which is used. It gives explanation about architecture diagram and it also gives what we are assumed and dependencies. It also support specific requirement and also it support functional requirement, supplementary requirement other than actor which is used. It also gives index and appendices. It also gives explanation about any doubt and queries. Once a student graduates from the institute, his/her professional life or career begins, with higher education playing an important role in establishing himself/herself in the profession. In respect of College, it has been our experience that from the very beginning, the alumni have maintained personal contacts with one another, rather than use the channel of Alumni Association. The advancements in information technology have certainly helped in creating new resources such as alumni web pages, list servers etc. , so as to permit greater interactions between the alumni. System Analysis Existing System: The Existing system is a computerized system but which is maintained at individual databases i. e in excels sheets, it’s a time delay process. And maintaining all the records in Excel sheets is difficult. If they want any record they have to search all the records. It doesn’t provide multiple user accessibility and also doesn’t have different user privileges. So the system is not accessible for all the employees of the organization. Limitations in Existing System The current system is not completely complete computerized and manual system in entering students and staff data and handling it. There is no centralized database maintenance There is no easy access to the particular students record The student cannot easily navigate through the database Proposed System: The Proposed system is a computerized system but which is maintained at Centralized databases i. e. in automated forms it’s a very fast process. And maintaining all the records in online systems database which makes it very easy to access and retrieve data from the database. If they want any record they can easily search all the records. It provides multiple user accessibility and also has different user privileges. So the system is accessible for all the employees of the organization. Advantages over Existing System It is completely automated system in handling the college database This system provides centralized database maintenance This system provides easy access to the particular students account or his complete details This system provides student to easily navigate through the application for more information in a most secure manner. Software Requirements Specification Software Requirements Server Side Requirements Operating System:Windows XP/2003 or Linux/Solaris User Interface:HTML, CSS Client-side Scripting:JavaScript Programming Language:Java Web Applications:JDBC, JNDI, Servlets, JSP IDE/Workbench:My Eclipse Database:MS Access Server Deployment:Tomcat Client Side Requirements Operating System:Any Operating System Browser:Any Browser (IE,Opera,Mozilla,etc) Hardware Requirements Server Side Requirements Processor:Pentium IV or above Hard Disk:40GB RAM:256MB Client Side Requirements Processor:Pentium II Hard Disk:20GB RAM:128MB System Design Architecture Diagram Authentication Functional Description a. Login to the system through the first page of the application. b. Change the password after login to the application. c. See his/her details and change it. d. Help from the system. General Operations: Student User can Register to Alumni Students can login to the system Update the Profile Students can see all students information in the alumni They can see the events details They can also send messages to their friends Students also can see the campus interview details Admin users Has full access to all the modules of this system. Responsible for the accounts of all students. Update, modify or delete event details Update, modify or delete campus interviews details Prepares and submits also Daily reports, user reports, event reports, etc. Normal users: Has restricted access. i. e. , Normal users have access to some of the modules only i. e. user can search the list of all their friends. They cannot send messages to their batch mates E R Diagram Use-case Diagram users of the system Administrator Use Case Student/Alumni UseCase Guest UseCase Sequence Diagram For Alumni Component Diagram Deployment Diagram Data Dictionary: AlumniAcademicDetails: ColumnName DataType Size LoginName text 10 YearofPassdout number 04 YearofJoining number 04 profession text 25 RollNo text 25 AlumniEvents: ColumnName DataType Size EventID Number 25 EventName text 25 EventDate date/time 10 EventTime text 25 Venue text 25 Description text 25 Status text 25 AlumniMessages: ColumnName DataType Size messageid number 10 FromName Text 25 ToName Text 25 SendDate date/time 10 Subject Text 50 Message Text 25 SenderStatus number 10 ReceiverStatus number 10 Alumni Vacancies: ColumnName DataType Size VacancyID Number 10 CompanyName text 25 CompanyProfile text 25 VacancyPosition text 25 JobDescription text 25 Category text 25 Location text 25 DesiredProfile text 25 DesiredExp text 25 CreatedDate date/time 10 ExpiryDate date/time 10 ContactPerson text 25 Designation text 25 PhoneNo text 25 Email text 50 LoginProfile: ColumnName DataType Size loginid text 25 birthdates date/time 10 city text 25 state text 25 country text 25 locale text 25 profilemodifieddate date/time 10 LoginAudit: ColumnName DataType Size loginid text 25 logindate date/time 10 login_desc text 25 LoginDetails: ColumnName DataType Size loginname text 25 password text 25 first_name text 25 last_name text 25 logintype text 25 login_status number 10 reg_date date/time 10 squestionid text 25 sanswer text 25 firstlogin number 10 passmodifieddate date/time 10 Questionbase: ColumnName DataType Size question_Id number1 10 question_detail text 25 Snapshots Figure-1 This is the home page of application. Figure-2 This page shows the details about the college. Figure-3 This page will show the contact details of the college. Figure-4 This is login page where students can login with their username and password. Figure-5 This page is used when the user forgets his/her password. Figure-6 This is the way in which the user should enter his/her details and then click â€Å"Sign In† button. Figure-7 When the user will login in the website for the first time then it will ask the Academic Details and the user have to fill it. Figure-8 After filling the Academic Details the above page will be displayed. Figure-9 If the user will click the Events option then the above page is displayed with the list of events and their status. Figure-10 If the user will click the Opportunities option then the above page is displayed with the list of Opportunities and their eligibility criteria. Figure-11 If the user will click the Personal Info option under My Account then the above page is displayed. Figure-12 If the user will click the Academic Details option under My Account then the above page is displayed. Figure-13 If the user will click the View Friends option under Friends then above page is displayed with his details. Figure-14 After clicking the send message option in the previous page the above page is displayed, the user needs to write the ToAddress and write subject and message. Figure-15 After clicking the send button in the previous page the above page is displayed. Figure-16 The above page is used to view if any message is received. Figure-17 The above page is used to view the messages which are sent by the user. Figure-18 The above page is used to search the friends by entering the details of him. Figure-19 The above page is displayed after clicking the search button in the previous page. Figure-20 The above page is used to change the password. To perform this operation the user has to enter the following details: User Name Old Password New Password Figure-21 The above page is used to change the secret question. Figure-22 The above page is used for the registration of the new student of the college. Figure-23 If the user is the outsider then he can just search the students by clicking to the Search Batchmates Tag. Figure-24 After login as an administrator, the administrator can add any event by typing the following details: Event Name Date Time Venue Description Status Figure-25 After login as an administrator, the administrator can add any new opportunity by typing the following details: Company Name Profile Vacancy Position Description Category Figure-26 The administrator can get records of the students by filling the above page. Future Enhancements: It is not possible to develop a system that makes all the requirements of the user. User requirements keep changing as the system is being used. Some of the future enhancements that can be done to this system are: As the technology emerges, it is possible to upgrade the system and can be adaptable to desired environment. Because it is based on object-oriented design, any further changes can be easily adaptable. Based on the future security issues, security can be improved using emerging technologies. Attendance module can be added

The name for AIDS is short for acquired immune def Essay Example For Students

The name for AIDS is short for acquired immune def Essay bigiciency syndrome.Some people think that aids are the same thing as HIV. But they are wrong because HIV is the virus that means human immunodeficiency virus. Some people can have the HIV virus and not be diagnosed as having aids for up to ten years. What the virus does is attacks the immune system directly until it just shuts down and you die. There are two main ways that people can get aids one of them is by doing drugs, like using the same needle. Another main way to get aids is by having sexual intercourse with a person that has aids. Another way is through breast milk, vaginal fluid, also the HIV virus can be found in sweat saliva and tears but that is not enough to catch it from them. Also if you get donated semen you have a chance of getting aids also. Those are some of the main ways you can get aids some myths are, that you can get aids from hugging or kissing a person that is infected with aids. Some more myths is that you can get it by living with them, shaking hands with them, playing sports, sitting on the same toilet seat as the person and insect bites are just some off the myths about aids. Some of the symptoms of aids are sweats, fever, and chills weaknesses. Some more are Sore throat, moth soars, muscle stiffness, and headache, diarrhea, fatigue, rashes and weight loss. There is no cure yet for aids. The only way to be a hundred percent sure is abstinence.Words/ Pages : 284 / 24

The Scarlet Letter Scaffol Scenes Essay Research free essay sample

The Scarlet Letter Scaffol Scenes Essay, Research Paper # 65279 ; The scaffold scenes are by far the most popular agencies of indicating out the perfect balance and construction of Hawthorne? s chef-doeuvre. The first clip we meet all the chief characters of the novel is in the first scaffold scene. The second of three important scaffold scenes appears precisely in the center of the novel. Again, Hawthorne gathers all of his major characters in one topographic point. Hawthorne brings all the chief characters together one more clip in the 3rd and concluding scaffold scene. This scene begins with the victory of Dimmesdale? s discourse and ends with his decease. These scenes unite the secret plan, subjects, and symbols of the novel in a perfect balance. The basic construction for the novel is provided by the scaffold scenes because everything else revolves around what happens during these scenes. The first scaffold scene focal points on Hester and the vermilion missive. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter Scaffol Scenes Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hester stands entirely with Pearl in her weaponries, a mere baby and mark of her wickedness. Meanwhile, a crowd of townsfolk has gathered to watch her humiliation and to hear a discourse. Two of import people in the crowd our Roger Chillingworth and Arthur Dimmesdale. Chillingworth, Hester? s hubby merely returned from his long journey to America. Her lover, Dimmesdale, portions her platform as a evildoer but non her public humiliation. Dimmesdale is present throughout the whole scene but he is really hesitant to acknowledge that his is the secret lover, although Mr. Wilson is teasing him to happen out who it is. He doesn? t admit because he is afraid if he does squeal it will destroy his repute as a individual and as a curate. Chillingworth demands Hester to give him the name of her spouse in wickedness but she will non make so. In this scene, we have Hester? s public penitence, Dimmesdale? s reluctance to acknowledge his ain guilt, and the beginning of Chillingworth? s diabolic secret plan to happen and penalize the male parent of Pearl. The 2nd scaffold scene once more provides a position of all the chief characters, a dramatic vision of the vermilion A, and one of the most memorable representations in American literature. In the covering of darkness, Dimmesdale made his manner to the scaffold to execute a soundless vigil of his ain. Dimmesdale is holding a hard clip covering with his ain guilt, the concluding for his late dark base on the scaffold. In his anguish he all of a sudden cries out a scream of torment that is heard by Hester and Pearl on their journey place from the deceasing bed of Governor Winthrop. After hearing this scream both Hester and Pearl join Dimmesdale on the scaffold. Pearl so asks Dimmesdale if he will be fall ining her and Hester at that place at noontime on the following twenty-four hours. Dimmesdale responds that their meeting will be on the great opinion twenty-four hours, instead than here in the daytime. Hawthorne desc ribes the state of affairs as such, ? And at that place stood the curate, with his manus over his bosom ; and Hester Prynne, with the embroidered missive gleaming on her bosom ; and small Pearl, herself a symbol, and the linking nexus between the two of them. ? ( Hawthorne 144 ) . The call of Dimmesdale was besides heard by two other people, they were Mr. Wilson and Chillingworth. Mr. Wilson thought that Dimmesdale was upset about Governor Winthrop? s decease so he thought nil of the incident. Chillingworth was spotted by Pearl when a big meteor Burnss through the dark sky. Although Chillingworth said nil to the three, his concluding for standing at that place gazing at them is really cryptic. This is when Hester and Dimmesdale start to inquire if he knows the truth about them. The people of the town idea that the meteor symbolized the vermilion A. This scene flourishes with symbols. They include: the scaffold itself ; Dimmesdale? s silent vigil ; the three perceivers that represent Church ( Mr.Wilson ) , State ( Governor Winthrop ) , and the World of Evil ( Chillingworth ) ; the connexion between Hester, Pearl, and Dimmesdale ; and the meteor. The concluding scaffold scene occurs after the emanation on Election Day. In this powerful scene, Dimmesdale regains his psyche, Pearl additions her humanity, Chillingworth loses his victim, and Hester loses her dreams. Here once more, the chief characters come together, and Dimmesdale reveals his? vermilion missive? . After Dimmesdale delivered his Election Day sermon, he stood on the scaffold with his lover and his kid and confessed his wickedness to everyone. Suddenly the curate sinks down on the scaffold and dies. Right before Dimmesdale died Pearl leaned down and kissed the curate, so she started to shout. This shows that Pearl eventually showed love for Dimmesdale and she now realizes and understands that he is her male parent. Since Dimmesdale died, Chillingworth no longer has a victim to terrorise. This gives him so much grieve he ends up deceasing besides. In this concluding scene, all the symbols and characters are one time once more present: the Church, State, and the World of Evil, the vermilion missive, the punishing scaffold, a symbolic buss, and of class, decease. Hawthorne ties together all the of import subjects, secret plans, and symbols of The Scarlet Letter, into three scaffold scenes. These scenes provide the basic construction for the novel because everything else revolves around what happens during these scenes. During the first scaffold scene we meet all the chief characters in Hawthorne? s chef-doeuvre. In the 2nd scene once more all the chief characters are brought together once more. During this scene a dramatic vision of the vermilion A takes topographic point. The concluding scene begins with the victory of Dimmesdale? s discourse and terminals with his decease. Once once more all the chief characters are present.

Overview of the Country of Georgia

Overview of the Country of Georgia Technically located in Asia but having a European feel, the country of Georgia is a republic that was formerly part of the Soviet Union. It obtained its independence on April 9, 1991, when the USSR disbanded. Prior to that, it was called the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. Key Takeaways: The Country of Georgia The country of about 5 million borders the Black Sea and has a subtropical climate at lower elevations.Georgias mountainous region provides it with diversity in its climates, based on elevation.Parts of the country have been in dispute almost since the moment it won its independence with the breakup of the Soviet Union. Capital and Major Cities More than half of the population of the country lives in urban areas. Capital: Tbilisi, population 1 million (2018 est.) The ancient capital city lies on in a gorge of the Kura River. Other major cities: Batumi, Kutaisi Government The government of Georgia is a republic, and it has a unicameral (one chamber) legislature (parliament). The leader of Georgia is president Giorgi Margvelashvili, with Giorgi Kvirikashvili serving as prime minister. People of Georgia The population of Georgia is about 4.9 million people but there is a declining population growth rate, coming in at 1.76 fertility rate (2.1 is the population replacement level). Major ethnic groups in Georgia include the Georgians, at almost 87 percent; Azeri, 6 percent (from Azerbaijan); and Armenian, at 4.5 percent. All others make up the remainder, including Russians, Ossetians, Yazidis, Ukrainians, Kists (an ethnic group primarily living in the Pankisi Gorge region), and Greeks. Languages The languages spoken in Georgia include Georgian, which is the countrys official language. The Georgian language is thought to have origins in ancient Aramaic and sounds (and looks) distinct and unlike any other languages. The BBC notes, Some consonants, for example, are pronounced from the back of the throat with a sudden guttural puff of air. Other languages spoken in Georgia include Azeri, Armenian, and Russian, but the official language of the Abkhazia region is Abkhaz. Religion The country of Georgia is 84 percent Orthodox Christian and 10 percent Muslim. Christianity became the official religion in the fourth century, though its location near the Ottoman and Persian empires and Mongols made it a battleground for influence there. Geography Georgia is strategically located in the Caucasus mountains, and its highest point is Mount  Shkhara, at 16,627 feet (5,068 m). The country occasionally suffers from earthquakes, and one-third of the country is forested. Coming in at 26,911 square miles (69,700 sq km), it is slightly smaller than South Carolina and borders Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Turkey, and the Black Sea. As would be expected, population density decreases with an increase in altitude, as the climate becomes more inhospitable and atmosphere thinner. Less than 2 percent of the population of the world lives above 8,000 feet. Climate Georgia has a pleasant Mediterranean, subtropical kind of climate in lower elevations and at the coast due to its latitudinal location along the Black Sea and protection from cold weather from the north via the Caucasus mountains. Those mountains also give the country additional climates based on elevation, as at moderately high elevations, there is an alpine climate, without much of a summer. At the highest, there is snow and ice year-round. The countrys southeastern regions are the driest, as the rain amounts increase the closer one gets to the sea. Economy Georgia, with its pro-Western views and developing economy, hopes to join both NATO and the European Union. Its currency is the Georgian lari. Its agricultural products include grapes (and wine), sugar beets, tobacco, plants for essential oils, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts. People also raise bees, silkworms, poultry, sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs. About half of the economy comes from agricultural products, employing about one-quarter of the working population. Mining includes manganese, coal, talc, marble, copper, and gold, and the country also has various small industries, such as chemicals/fertilizer. History In the first century, Georgia was under the dominion of the Roman Empire. After time spent under the Persian, Arab, and the Turkish empires, it had its own golden age in the 11th through 13th centuries. Then the Mongols came. Next, the Persian and Ottoman Empires each wanted to dominate the area. In the 1800s, it was the Russian Empire that took over. After a brief period of independence following the Russian Revolution, the country was absorbed into the USSR in 1921. In 2008, Russia and Georgia fought five days over the breakaway region of South Ossetia in the north. It and Abkhazia have long been outside of the control of the Georgian government. They have their own de-facto governments, are supported by Russia, and thousands of Russian troops are still occupying the region. South Ossetia had claimed independence from Georgia in the 1990s, creating a need for peacekeeping troops there after some sporadic fighting. Abkhazia had also declared its independence, though both regions are technically still part of Georgia as far as most of the world is concerned. Russia has recognized their independence but also has built military bases there that fly the Russian flag, and its military has put up border fencing around peoples homes, through peoples fields, and in the middle of towns. The village of Khurvaleti (700 people) is split between Russian-controlled land and that which is under Georgian control.

In future most of us will increasingly live in the virtual world of Essay

In future most of us will increasingly live in the virtual world of the computer , using it as a source of instruction , entertainment and friendship. Will this be a good or bad thing - Essay Example In the United Kingdom alone, statistics show that 98 percent of those who belong in the age group of five to 18 use computers for different purposes in the year 2002 only (â€Å"Activities undertaken,† n.d.). It was also found in another broader-coverage survey that 57% of British households have Internet access in the year 2006, an 11-point percentage increase after a four-year period (National Statistics, 2006, p. 1). As shown in these numbers, there is no denial that many are now spending more time in the virtual world of the computers. Whether these trends are good or not, this paper will attempt to answer. On top of its basic computing purposes, personal computers are now equipped with different features that allow people to do countless activities that aid them in office or school-related works, gaming, managing one’s finances, communicating with other people, and connecting to the Internet (Miller, 2007, pp. 10-11). With computers, people can make reports, essays, compute complicated accounting problems, and many others anytime they want. In addition to the basic programs made especially for these PCs, virtual libraries and sites can provide people with much needed information and services without even stepping out of the house or offices. Individuals, organizations -- government, non-government, private and alike -- are now continually improving websites for the consumption of the public; while others are free, many companies are now also using the computers and the Internet to provide information and services for a fee. Youngsters and even adults can also use computers for playing or any other sources of entertainment. There are already a lot of available computer games that anyone can download or play with other friends through networks of computers or via online. Moreover, computers -- especially the Internet-based ones -- can also be utilized in searching for the age-old to the latest releases of

Nursing Curriculum Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Curriculum Analysis - Term Paper Example The designers usually incorporate the results from course evaluations from previous classes of the same course. This enriches the design process as it provides a benchmark that leads the designers towards achievement of the objectives. Any course design process incorporates the course objectives, outcomes and competencies. The course design ought to reflect the students’ area of knowledge, the abilities and values gained from the course. The course design identifies the materials necessary for the learning process. Once the core concepts and content requirement have been identified, the design captures the organization of lessons in tandem to the content requirement. The lesson would be tailored in ways that best advantage the students. The typical arrangement entails the content plan that moves from the known to the unknown. This lesson plan, beginning from the simple to the complex, accommodates the students. The course design usually would be skewed to favor the student and enables the gradual development from basic to complex (Wittmann-Price, 2009). Course to Curriculum Requirement The curriculum requirements resonate around the understanding of the subject matter. Therefore, the objective could be said to be the comprehension of the nursing skills. The course design and implementation address the core curriculum requirement. The course division, into smaller units of study such as modules, units and lessons facilitate the knowledge acquisition process. The course structure enables analysis, synthesis, internalization and application of the nursing knowledge. These enables the students attain the curriculum requirement. The process of acquiring nursing knowledge cannot be a one off activity. It entails the gradual process that consolidates diverse processes. The course structure enables the acquisition process going by the consolidated nature of the entire course package. The students interact with the faculty, fellow students and clients during the course. This essentially assists in the realization of the curriculum requirements. The curriculum design can, therefore, be considered harmonious with the course design. The course design must, hence, incorporate the curriculum objectives by appreciating the curriculum design (The essentials of baccalaureate nursing practice, 2008). The previous evaluations of nursing student graduate should help in developing the course design in a manner that fundamentally addresses the curriculum design objectives. The course design incorporates the use of materials, modes and models that the curriculum design adopted. The course delivery modes though diverse in nature contribute towards meeting the curriculum design. The curriculum design outlines the criterion that would lead to the production of nurses, proficient in both the theoretical and practical aspects of nursing profession. The course entails the opportunity for both practical and theoretical acquisition of nursing knowledge. This con tributes to the meeting of the curriculum needs. The course design embraces both class and clinical learning modes. Through this, the students obtain the theoretical knowledge in class and the practical application during the clinical (â€Å"Certified Nurse Educator (CNE) 2010 Candidate Handbook†, 2010). Achievement of Course Design, Learning Expectations and Curricular

Analysis of Obamas Speeches

Analysis of Obamas Speeches Abstract President Obama is known to shift style during his speeches through his tenure. The style-shift of the President Obama speech can denoted to the audience. As presented in the research, President Obama does deliberately use the African America Vernacular English variant in the speech while speaking to the Black audience. However the African America Vernacular English variants can also be sighted in his speech in front of the non-black audience which can denote to his speaking style. One can also deduce that President Obama make style-shift to affiliate himself with the audience keeping his individual identity intact. At the same time, he chooses a certain style-shift in order for the audience to understand and relate to his speech. Introduction For a long time, the concept of â€Å"style† adopted by a person in speech has been a topic of debate among the sociolinguistics. Researches have tried to pinpoint exactly what is the constitution of style and why do people use a specific style in a gathering. â€Å"Style† has many meaning for the sociolinguistics. For some, it means the choice of speech an individual makes when communicating with other. However, everyone is agreed on the point that an individual changes his/her speaking style based on the audience and the topic under discussion. In this context, one can also define â€Å"style† as a code chosen for a specific discussion. The code includes the tone of an individual, the word chosen and the structure of the sentences etc. (Bell, p.145-147) However, style is also dependent on the dialect of the speaker. It can be regiolect or sociolect. The idea is that every person speaks in a different style which is based on who they are and where they belong from. However, within in specific dialectal style, a speaker can chose different style to speak based on the audience, environment and topic etc. This shows the complexity of the concept behind â€Å"style.† On the other hand, there is another concept known as â€Å"style shifting† which is closely related to style. For example when a speaker starts to talk in the local language, he/she is trying to establish closeness with the audience. (Bell, p.145-147) In United States, the style-shift in President Obama’s speeches is under great debates. People have generally noticed that there is noticeable different in the pronunciation of President Obama in different speeches. The variation in the pronunciation is a debate-topic between both analysts and academics. It has been interpreted as the indexical of African America Vernacular English. It can be said that President Obama has the ability to shift elegantly and comfortably from standard American English (white) to â€Å"black language.† This paper evaluates the hypothesis raised publicly and academically for Obama’s speech i.e. president engages in style shifting. The following sections will describe the methods and used for evaluating the hypothesis. Furthermore, the paper will also discuss the result and discuss the outcomes in a separate section. Methods In order to evaluate the style shifting in Obama’s speech, the paper will use four speeches of President Obama between January 2008 and September 2011. The speeches which will be evaluated are: Congressional Black Caucus Foundation which will be referred as CBC; speech at Hampton University which will be referred as Hampton University; King’s Church speech and A More Perfect Union. The speeches chosen for the analysis cover the same topic therefore to make sure that number of external factor affecting the speech are minimized while making â€Å"audience† as the only governing factor of the speeches. The number of speeches for analysis is kept four as to keep the limited scope of the paper in mind. As the purpose of the paper is to identify the possible linguistic features used by President Obama therefore there are terms used throughout the paper: â€Å"AAVE† which denotes to the ethnolect called African America Vernacular English and â€Å"GAm which deno tes to General (standard) English† which is non-ethically marked variant of American English. (Detert, Rasmussen and Kristensen, p.7) The first step in to start the analysis of the fours speeches to find a result for the hypothesis. This includes analyzing and marking the speech for the phonetic variables which can reveal variables that can be identified as indexical of African American Vernacular English. For the purpose, a computer software known as ELAN is used. ELAN is sound processing software. It helps in marking utterances in a speech and annotating the utterances with different values. However the system is not able to detect the phonetic differences in the speech. Therefore the phonetic difference will be evaluated by the listeners. (Detert, Rasmussen and Kristensen, p.7) The ELAN software has been use to mark and annotate all the variables in the question (see Appendix A). Each variable has been given a value. The variables have also been marked within the categories i.e. â€Å"General American English† or â€Å"African America Vernacular English†. For example, if there is an annotation with an (ING) variable in the speech, the categorical annotation marks the annotation as either GAm or African America Vernacular English. The marks give us the ratio that helps distinguish between the two categories. The ratios will give us a statistical view of the number of occurrences of the variables in the speech. Furthermore, the paper also investigates the vowel used in the speech in a limited scope. (Detert, Rasmussen and Kristensen, p.8) Results The research is focused on finding whether the variants indexical of African America Vernacular English is due to natural flow or is triggered intentionally. The aim was to determine whether there is a relative progression in the use of African America Vernacular English variants in the speeches as it would reject the hypothesis i.e. to use African America Vernacular English for achieving strategic goals by President Obama. To analyze the fractures, each speech was divided into a ten minute intervals. Unfortunately the technique did not provide an accurate evidence of the relative progression i.e. highlighting the (HAPPY) tokens by retrieving only the orthographic –y words did not draw any significant progression in variants. Furthermore, the retrieval of (HAPPY) vowels at the end of an utterance which is followed by a short pause did not draw an significant result too. Despite the fact that each speech and each ten minute interval has been closely analyzed for number of possi bilities, the author could not find any relative progression of the use of African America Vernacular English in the speeches. Therefore the technique will not be pursued any further. Any other important factor that influences the use of variants indexical of African America Vernacular English is the topic of the speech. In order to find out the influence of the topic on the ratio of the African America Vernacular English to Gam variants, the research divided the dataset into five different topics. The five categories in which the topics were divided are: African Americans; references from Bible; The United States of America; personal thoughts and experience of President Obama and the category according to the theme of the speech. It is easy to evaluate and analyze the hypothesis when the speech has the same topic of discussion while the audience is different. One can easily point out whether a topic can trigger the use of variants of the two variations in question. It is also the aim of the analysis to connect the overall findings of different to help make it possible the retrieval of the two variants based on the topic and the evaluation of whether certain topics cause the use of high or lower number of variants indexical of African America Vernacular English. Unfortunately, the evaluation reveals that no topic provoked any significant use of variants indexical of African America Vernacular English. Just like the previous retrieval of the (HAPPY) vowels in orthographic revealed a higher number of African America Vernacular English variants, analyzing (HAPPY) vowels for the topics also revealed higher number of African America Vernacular English variants. This analysis did not show any significant results. In the end, it can be said that for the present research the topics were divided very broadly. However in future, detailed division of the topics can produce better results. However the hypothesis of the use of higher frequency of African America Vernacular English variants can be impacted by the topic of the speech will not be pursued further. In the following section, the author will present the number of the analysis and the ratios provided for the results. Discussion This section presents the yields on the evaluation of the four speeches of President Obama. The analysis done will be to answer the question whether Obama shift style based on the audience and whether Obama uses the African America Vernacular English style in front of the Black audience or not. In the discussion, we will try to connect the internal finding of the speeches with the external context. It is said that the speech is greatly influenced by the social context of the speaker or the speech. Therefore for the evaluation the audience of the speech in taken into consideration and President Obama’s personal background can also help in providing insight into whether Obama uses African America Vernacular English variants when delivering speech in front of the African Americans. (Bell, p.141) If one tries to evaluated President Obama’s speech against the list of unique phonological African America Vernacular English characteristic, one can find out that the above analysis will not be able to provide proof to term Obama’s speech style an African American Vernacular English. By using a list of phonological African America Vernacular English characteristic to measure Obama’s speech will ignore the fact that style construction is a process of bricolage. (Eckert, p.4) The idea is to construct and give a unique and distinct identity of an individual through the speech while at the same time the speech should also be able to relate to the audience. One can understand Obama’s speech style and style shift, if one understands that style is formed by clustering linguistics with a social meaning. Therefore in Obama’s speech, the author has detected multiple linguistic variants which can be associated with African America Vernacular English. (Bell, 1 41) However it can also be said that the analysis noticed that the variants can also be associated with the Southern White vascular English (SWVE). However it should be not that style can be defined as the way an individual speaker speaks in relation to the audience. Therefore one can safely assume that it would be irrelevant and meaningless for President Obama to apply style shift toward Southern White vascular English in the context of the four speeches. As mentioned before, style of the speech has the potential to portray many social meaning using it indexical field. It would be inaccurate to consider President Obama use Southern White vascular English in the context of four speeches having a dominant black audience as it should be clear to the President Obama that the audience does not share the social meanings presented by the Southern White vascular English variants. In short it can be said that the linguistic characteristic of African America Vernacular English are different from indexical fields of Southern White vascular English. Therefore there is no reason to believe that President Obama employed deliberately the use of Southern White vascular English variants in the four speeches. Now, we shall discuss the combination of the (HAPPY) variable and (ING) variable noticed in the speeches in the social context. The audience of the four Obama speeches was mostly back therefore one can place the variants in the indexical cluster of African America Vernacular English rather than AWVE. When the three speeches in front of the black audience were evaluated, the –in variants in gerunds showed similar ratios i.e. 22%, 30.5% and 38.5%. However, the speech delivered by President Obama in front of the mixed audience did not show any –in variant. There was a significant use of the (ING) variable followed by an alveolar stop ([t] and [d]) in the three speeches delivered in front of the black audience i.e. 38.5%, 26.3% and 75%. Again the speech delivered in front of the mixed audience shows interestingly result. There were nine moments through the speech where –in variant could have been used however the (ING) variants is used instead and has a 100% occurren ce. The finding proves that President Obama is aware not to speak in a non-ethically marked speech in the mixed audience. On the other hand, the reason for the absence of the –in variant can be due to a more formal setting. The speech was given as a response to the pressure of President Obama and his candidacy. In such situation, the President has to make a very clear and precise statement as not to draw any controversial messages out of the speech. Furthermore, the research has also shown the continuous lowering of the (HAPPY) vowel in the four speeches. King’s Church speech (19.7%) and Hampton University Speech (29.1%) show high frequency in low usage of the (HAPPY) vowel while the Perfect Union (17.9%) and CBC speech (4.2%) show low frequency. After noticing the occurrence of the lowered (HAPPY vowel), one has to look for the syntactic context of the orthographic –y words. The ratio has the same pattern for the four speeches as for the (HAPPY) vowel. The percentage of the ratio for Hampton University and King’s Church speech was 55.1% and 60.4% respectively while ratio for CBC and Perfect Union Speech was 26.8%. Analysis was also on orthographic –y words followed by a consonant which showed a relative distribution. The King’s Church speech and Hampton University Speech show high percentage distribution the –y words followed by consonant i.e. 40% and 45.6% respectively while the Perfect Union speech show 8.1% of distribution. Interestingly, the CBC speech did not show any lowering of the (HAPPY) vowel under the circumstance. The overall result of the analysis of the (HAPPY) vowel shows that king’s church speech and Hampton University speech had higher number of black audience which could be related to the lowering of the (HAPPY) vowel. President Obama lowers the (HAPPY) vowel in his speech in the black audience. Nevertheless the pattern is also detected in the speech of President Obama in front of the non-black audience. Therefore one can deduce that this shift style in the President speech can be denote to his natural style of speaking. In short, the paper would point out that the small dataset and two variables used in the research cannot be able to deduce the style shift in the President Obama speech properly. One cannot prove that Obama uses style shift toward African America Vernacular English deliberately or unintentionally. However, the small dataset that was used in the research shows relevance towards the use of African America Vernacular English which can be used to assume that it is Obama’s natural way of speaking. One is also able to deduce the President Obama style shift will not be a basilectal style. But one can say that President Obama speech style can be taken as the most prestigious standard for African America Vernacular English. But one has to evaluate more speeches in the future to come to a more substantial conclusion. However, the speeches have shown different ratios of the variants indexical of African America Vernacular English and Gam. The King’s Church speech and the Hampton University Speech was delivered in front of the black audience show a high percentage of the African America Vernacular English variants while the Perfect Union speech was delivered in front a mixed audience showed lower percentage as compared to the other two speeches. But the research also detected African America Vernacular English variants in the Perfect Union speech. However the results of the CBC speech were striking and different. Therefore one is safe to say that the research did detect a difference in the speeches in front of the black and mixed audience which points out that President Obama deliberately use specific variants in the speech. Conclusion There are multiple feature and characteristics that impact the way an individual speak. In short, each individual has their own style of speaking. Furthermore, during conversations many individual deliberately and unintentionally style shift in their speech depending on the audience. In United States, the style shift of President Obama is under great debate. One can safely say that the President knows the talent of comfortably shift style during his speeches. His speech style depends greatly on the topic of the speech, audience, and his own speaking style. In the research, the author evaluated four speeches of President Obama to find out whether he style shift during the speech in front of the black audience or not. The research was able to propose based on four speeches that President Obama does use the African America Vernacular English variant deliberately in front of the black audience. However there was also high percentage of African America Vernacular English variants use in f ront of the non-black audience which can denote to the fact that President Black himself in black. Therefore the African America Vernacular English variant is part of his speaking style. Bibliography Bell, A. (1984). Style as Audience Design. Detert, A. C., Rasmussen, D. S., Kristensen, K. R. (2013). Barack Obama and the [blà ¦k kÉâ„ ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã‹â€ mjuË nÉâ„ ¢tɆº:]-A study of style-shifting. Diss. Eckert, P. (1996). Vowels and Nail Polish: The Emergence of Linguistic Style in the Preadolescent and Heterosexual Marketplace. Eckert, P. (2008). Variation and the Indexical Field. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 12(4) , 453-476. Fisk, J. (1982). Introduction to Communication Studies. London: Routledge.